Castor Oil References
1. Nitbani FO, Tjitda PJP, Wogo HE, Detha AIR. Preparation of Ricinoleic Acid from Castor Oil: A Review. Journal of Oleo Science. 2022;71(6):781–793.
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21226
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/71/6/71_ess21226/_article
2. Vieira C, Evangelista S, Cirillo R, Lippi A, Maggi CA, Manzini S. Effect of Ricinoleic Acid in Acute and Subchronic Experimental Models of Inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation. 2000;9(5):223–228.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09629350020025737
3. Girdler K, et al. Use of Castor Oil in Dermatology: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2025.
https://www.cureus.com/articles/407925-use-of-castor-oil-in-dermatology-a-narrative-review.pdf
4. Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety Assessment of Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil and Ricinoleates as Used in Cosmetics.
https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Castor%20Oil.pdf
5. Phong JK, et al. A Systematic Review of Natural Oils in Hair Care and Skin of Colour Populations. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2022.
6. Phytochemical Composition and Multifunctional Applications of Ricinus communis. Molecules. 2025.
7. Ebrahimzadeh A, et al. Efficacy of Castor Oil Cream in Treating Infraorbital Hyperpigmentation. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2024.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jocd.16056
8. Rajan K, et al. Biomanufacturing of Ricinoleic Acid from Castor Oil Using Immobilized Lipase Technology. Industrial Crops and Products. 2024.
9. Grady H. Immunomodulation Through Castor Oil Packs. Journal of Naturopathic Medicine. 1998.
https://drprincetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Castor-Oil-Packs-Immunomodulation.pdf